![]() The classic repair techniques in clinical treatment include bone marrow stimulation techniques, synthetic or metal-based techniques and pharmacologically stimulated techniques. Current methods for clinically treating cartilage damage include microfracture and surgical lavage. OA is one of the most common degenerative joint diseases, and it is characterized by limited joint mobility and pain. If left untreated, joint cartilage damage can easily cause or exacerbate osteoarthritis (OA). Thus, the management of articular cartilage defects is a challenge for doctors. However, because of the avascular nature of articular cartilage, its intrinsic healing ability is limited. We compare the characteristics of microcarriers with other methods for repairing cartilage defects, provide an overview of the advantages of microcarriers, discuss the potential of microcarrier systems, and present an outlook for future development.Īrticular cartilage plays a vital role in the human body. In this review, we focus on recent advances in microcarriers for cartilage regeneration. Therefore, this technology has enormous potential for clinical transformation. In terms of the transformation potential, microcarriers have not only many advantages, such as providing sufficient and beneficial cells, factors, drugs, and microenvironments for cartilage regeneration, but also many application characteristics for example, they can be injected to reduce invasiveness, transplanted after microtissue formation to increase efficiency, or combined with other stents to improve mechanical properties. The application of microcarriers with these characteristics can overcome the limitations of traditional methods and provide additional advantages. Some microcarriers also have the advantages of injectability and targeted delivery. ![]() In addition, microcarriers can be loaded with proteins, factors, and drugs for cartilage regeneration. Microcarrier applications have made great advances in cartilage tissue engineering in recent years and enable cost-effective cell expansion, thus providing permissive microenvironments for cells. Articular cartilage regeneration is one of the challenges faced by orthopedic surgeons. ![]()
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